Fawkinchit

So basically if anyone doesn't understand whats happening here, mitochondria have failed, producing excess free radicals, depleting neuron and astrocyte energy, and causing excess premature oxidation of catecholamines(dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline) which leads to abnormal neuronal behavior. So alleviating mitochondrial disfunction is the key to treating HPPD. Thats literally as simple as I can explain it.

What is niacin’s (B3) role in preventing symptoms of schizophrenia? Abraham Hoffer and his team theorised that in order to reduce the production of adrenochromes, a methyl acceptor such as B3 would be needed. Methyl acceptor is the name for nutrients, mainly in the B vitamin family, which each play an important role in a biochemical process known as methylation. This process is needed for a variety of biochemical reactions, such as building and breaking down neurotransmitters, supporting liver detox pathways and DNA repair, to name a few. Upon studying the pathway for adrenaline production in the brain and the cofactor nutrients supporting and inhibiting this pathway, Hoffer deduced that by giving large doses of vitamin B3, which is a methyl acceptor, this would effectively prevent the conversion of noradrenaline to adrenaline, and by limiting the amount of adrenaline, this would then prevent the build up of adrenochromes. In addition, B3 is also a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a compound that is involved in redox reactions, which prevents oxidative stress caused by free radicals. These are unstable molecules that scavenge electrons from other molecules, causing a chain reaction that can eventually damage tissues in the body. NAD prevents the oxidation of adrenaline, which is what turns adrenaline into adrenochromes, therefore preventing the production of these neurotoxins that over time can damage the brain.

Edit: Evidence of everything I am saying on page 2 post #15 Ok, I’ve been working on this for years and do believe i know the exact mechanisms occurring in patients suffering from HPPD. It is quite similar to most mental derangements including epilepsy, migraines, and especially schizophrenia. Essentially what occurs is the patient uses a hallucinogen(obviously), which in turn overstimulates certain areas of the brain. Strikingly there appears to be little to no evidence for neuronal loss, so we must look deeper, where we will find the mitochondria. The mitochondria are dense in neurons and the main suppliers of energy, but also of free radicals. When the neurons become overexcited(hallucinogen use) they demand more energy, mitochondrial output is hastened and generates a far greater degree of reactive oxygen species(free radicals), which in turn depletes antioxidant and vitamin mechanisms. When the reactive oxygen species overburden the antioxidant and vitamin systems damage occurs significantly to membranes, mitochondria, and the mtDNA(mitochondrial DNA) as well, the damage results in mitochondrial dysfunction, in turn leading to multiple events likely involving neuronal dysfunction, astrocyte dysfunction, and increased catecholamine oxidation(due in part by high ROS). Neuronal dysfunction is self explanatory. Astrocyte dysfunction likely worsens neuronal dysfunction as they are regulators for glutamate. And catecholamine oxidation leads to increased adrenochrome, which in itself is known to be hallucinogenic. How then can all this be alleviated? Mitochondria are very sensitive to ROS damage and therefore the ROS must be eliminated, and mitochondrial function restored. This is done by various nutrients which will likely restore balance to the system and then supply mitochondria with the energy that they need. The patient should eat diets high in antioxidant nutrients and vitamins(fruits, veggies). Supplement vitamin C, vitamin E. Both are efficient in removing ROS. No less than a gram of vitamin C per day, natural source is better if it can be afforded. Olive leaf extract, which has extremely powerful antioxidants and will assist whole antioxidant mechanisms. High dose Niacin, up to a gram a day if the patient can tolerate the treatment. Abram Hoffer has done extensive research on niacin and the treatment of schizophrenia, I certainly believe there is a common link between HPPD and schizophrenia, and niacin will assist in restarting normal mitochondrial function by supplying a high value source for NAD, I do believe niacin will be the most important part of this treatment. Anyone can try this treatment, its accessible, safe, and affordable. Anyone doing so please report back and help others. Lets cure HPPD! Good luck and if anyone has questions I will be here to answer them all.

It is true it does contain thujone, which may make some people nervous, which I understand. However it should be noted that thujone is, if I recall properly, only neurotoxic and higher levels, and the amount in sage is very low, so nothing that I know of that can reach the threshold for neurotoxicity. I looked it up a long time ago, I believe one report even stated that some samples of sage they tested had no thujone at all. There's also a reason I recommend it. Anyways I'll make a post in the next couple of days, that outlines the most probable cause of this disease(HPPD) and what people can do for the best possible outcome. I may just simply make a new thread.

Excess fatigue is typically due to widespread mitochondrial dysfunction(cellular energy producers), try assisting them with long term use of powerful antioxidants. They take months to recover efficiency, so give it time. Also yes, most narcoleptic drugs should cause HPPD symptoms to get worse.

You definitely are having neurological disorders. You need to stop the use of any drugs/narcotics of any kind immediately and permanently. It is probably definitely possible that it was eventually brought on by a seizure. There are rare cases of people using drugs, and some other incident bringing on HPPD, even as simple as drinking alcohol, I have seen it here on this forum of one person reporting exactly that. As Jay said there does seem to be some neuro deficit associations between HPPD, epilepsy, and migraines. They are all very strange conditions that are not entirely understood yet. Some things that may help are eating a healthier diet, veges and fruits etc. Absolutely abstaining from illicit substances.

I personally dont have any visual symptoms anymore, so I cant really comment on that part, but I suppose if you are playing game that increases adrenaline, it could definitely cause symptoms to get worse, i do remember too sometimes in movie theaters my anxiety would get worse. Most of my HPPD only manifests as anxiety anymore, but I had all the typical symptoms, and my anxiety was so bad it was insane, like suicide influencing insane, not like normal anxiety, cause Ive experienced that before.

This. Sounds like you just have anxiety, and meticulously nervous behavior.

Have you tried betaine?

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27046518/#:~:text=Glial cells such as microglia,to the extrasynaptic NMDA receptor. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00414/full https://www.nature.com/articles/npp2016199 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354619300353 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197018613000363 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/2/184/htm Just posting these for future reference and reading. It would appear that there is a possibility of glial cell dysfunction leading to increased levels of glutamate, which would be constant, and overstimulate the nervous system. Which would explain why some have benefited from Lamotrigine, which down regulates glutamate. So the issue could actually be dysfunction of the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes dumping too much glutamate on to neurons, or an issue with sucking it back up from the neurons, which appears to be common in neuroinflammation related conditions. Then the issue becomes finding the cause of and ameliorating the inflammation.

Most people to be completely honest, are highly unintelligent. They literally have no idea what's going on with you, they just see the surface of what you are going through. The same thing happened with me. It taught me one thing though, you can only truly rely on one person to help you, and that's what I do every day. Its harsh, but I guess that's how this place is, society focusses so much on smiling photos, fairytale movie endings, and glittering christmas lights, its hard to remember that there is a great deal of suffering on earth, and what people really should be focusing on is the remedy. No one wants to do that while they are here though, so there's a repeat of everything in every generation. HPPD is something that should be widely known, but instead scientists are doing studies on the "benefits" of hallucinogens, even recommending them for depression and learning capacity. It goes to show the deep despair society and humans really are in. So don't be too surprised when someone doesn't fully understand, or gives up, they have no idea how bad HPPD really is, and life is hard even without HPPD, people are constantly creating problems for themselves even on top of problems that are created for them, I do it even myself, its almost a subconscious thing, then next thing we know we don't have time for anything, or anyone.

Absolutely, it definitely does sound that to some degree, you have HPPD related symptoms. They aren't the most classically reported symptoms, but they are in the spectrum when considering they are the aftermath of illicit narcotic use. Not all HPPD symptoms are visual, I have no visual symptoms(Although for some time I did have visual snow). Personally I feel the visual symptoms are the more bearable symptoms. Anxiety and depersonalization IMO are the worst HPPD symptoms. My anxiety was so bad immediately after that my heart rate was 90-110 resting, dipshit doctors just thought I was on drugs, imbeciles.

I started talking the two together, for other reasons, and the first 2 days I felt a little weird in my nervous system, typically in the same areas that usually are tormenting from my anxiety from HPPD, but then my nervous system seems to have possibly calmed down. I'm not entirely sure if it has anything to do with HPPD, but if someone could try it out for a couple weeks and report back I would appreciate it. I have been taking 500mg of choline and 2 250mg of Betaine Hydrochloride, they can be purchased at any health food store.

ABSTRACT In the mid-1990s, it was proposed that quantum effects in proteins known as microtubules play a role in the nature of consciousness. The theory was largely dismissed due to the fact that quantum effects were thought unlikely to occur in biological systems, which are warm and wet and subject to decoherence. However, the development of quantum biology now suggests otherwise. Quantum effects have been implicated in photosynthesis, a process fundamental to life on earth. They are also possibly at play in other biological processes such as avian migration and olfaction. The microtubule mechanism of quantum consciousness has been joined by other theories of quantum cognition. It has been proposed that general anesthetic, which switches off consciousness, does this through quantum means, measured by changes in electron spin. The tunneling hypothesis developed in the context of olfaction has been applied to the action of neurotransmitters. A recent theory outlines how quantum entanglement between phosphorus nuclei might influence the firing of neurons. These, and other theories, have contributed to a growing field of research that investigates whether quantum effects might contribute to neural processing. This review aims to investigate the current state of this research and how fully the theory is supported by convincing experimental evidence. It also aims to clarify the biological sites of these proposed quantum effects and how progress made in the wider field of quantum biology might be relevant to the specific case of the brain. https://avs.scitation.org/doi/10.1116/1.5135170

Rat spinal cord ganglia cultures were maintained for periods of up to 19 days in a feeding solution containing LSD-25 in a concentration of 5 x 10-6. Electron microscopic examination of the nerve cells in these cultures revealed alterations in the Golgi complexes, lysosomes, mitochondria and multivesicular bodies. The changes in the membranous components of these structures were particularly prominent and resulted in organelle pleomorphism and very unusual internal membrane patterns. Variations were also noted in the fine structure of the nucleoli of some neurons. The possible relationships of the morphologic changes to disturbances of neuronal metabolism are considered. https://academic.oup.com/jnen/article-abstract/33/2/212/2612730?redirectedFrom=fulltext This article in my opinion, shows two things, that even after long durations of LSD exposure, neurons do not die, so it still appears to not be neurotoxic, and that apparent alterations in the cell bodies occur. I would like to note though there could be other physiological mechanisms that could induce neuronal loss that just neurotoxicity specifically, so its not entirely ruled out.

Strattera should never be used to treat or in conjunction with HPPD. ADD does not equal HPPD. I dont know how doctors are so stupid these days.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10027775/\ Conversely, immature rats can sustain major metabolic activations that lead either to a variable extent of damage, as seen at P21, or no damage, as recorded at P10. And https://watermark.silverchair.com/67-12-1205.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAq8wggKrBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKcMIICmAIBADCCApEGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMYFQnE4k8JeAnLrysAgEQgIICYifamLsH4wt0PhcaiTrNAtOF6dt-jBQn6YTviY7mamU03WE6zRKh9rVTjEokSmtFRVEFga5gTkPM69GAN17GjdjZjIJHwia7qMMWoEVZ8unSvqAvJkWWDCZsd47MDzXtuOBoPLJ6loE02FREWOeXncVpnqg4_eHWJQOOEXH2exXZT3g0Ve3T9C4syIFu-S03QNNree9HsFZk9ptkOJMujuMI2xqnzapNc-JZ0DIxeSFODr6Bu3rDs4BUZ3Q3aoXYhRQLMzX427H1M28tWjREaOk-OU-HEMy5-5rR4WczoWVLoRjuQ519W53hB32XwoAtp38VLOimSFYAKMbkOCVqO3F_Plaz_KHxFAMbAY3ntXQahKxwgW0iwJyGDXE6RJSyxUzZk7MnCI2-1R4x0RHtNzDswoWa0Nilzn97rRPkQbGIr0L2OAF9kvBGZa_SevDlgHk41QQNVSGpL0TW-u5f_Rjj4Ee2VfbnTIPhunURxY7jE-aqbfoJFrWCq8Mn9bWJysiQSqlf8Fd04EkuyB_iHaDfj6jNLnaQJAScwdBjpcXZXF1UJZzePXtL696QoMopZzh4-WZjuJ-O57o4VsVpxvprt4rqGafkK0NXYkToE7Gj-LRpyG-RR6efb5dNssAsp5p-lBflfVkxvMhSDSddrBwsoa7yB9e0tjuv6rzys0UobRiJRcRTJsyFId__Ur_dm3erwb_gvSUbyS-ILI8PgA4neMWlv1LdTegpyvySag61_mdCX4msQdZO2-0UBw836km1J7Mzn2DJYIaLjMIgyoF_NtlFHhHRCLwi55a0XvWQvdo More evidence that atrophy isn't defined by neuronal loss. So this is good.

Thank you

Thanks, I completely agree. I also don't understand how everyone doesn't realize that pharmaceutical companies don't care about us at all. Even heart attacks are preventable, and they know that, I have seen the studies they have done and its easy to reverse atherosclerosis, making heart attacks a thing of the past, but they don't tell anyone because they make far more if they wait till you have a heart attack. Nice, this is interesting information for sure. Also just because there are volume increases or decreases in areas of the brain as far as I know that does not directly imply that there is neuronal loss or increase. I believe there are other reasons for volumes changes. Again for everyone that reads this thread, there will be absolutely no benefit to any of our work if no one will try anything, if anyone will just try some of the things I have lined out in this thread, there is a chance for improvement. I can't try everything. I do believe that there is just a deficiency in the neurons possibly, or some intracellular structural abnormality, that could be reversible, and yes maybe we have lost neurons too, its possible, but I dont think its the case.

I just want to say that if no one will try any alternatives to pharmacological medications we will never find an answer. I dont see anyone trying anything other than like... benzos, SSRIs, antipsychotics, etc. These medications do not heal, they just alter brain function. Modern medicine literally has zero interest in healing anyone. But there are a slew of treatments that if anyone would try, may find something. Like the whole sorts of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that the body needs to function, but I dont see anyone trying anything like these, or even the things that I have recommended. If no one will try any of these things, we will never find a cure.

Im considering too the possibility of calcium phosphate precipitates in the neurons or issues with the mitochondria, its actually a highly probable case. In a lot of conditions calcium phosphate precipitates are a common finding, aka chronic kidney disease, atherosclerosis, and many more. Heres an article talking about neuronal calcium precipitates. Under high loads of mitochondrial dysfunction large accumulations of calcium phosphates could theoretically be deposited in neurons, possibly even due to hallucinogenic use, which overstimulates the neurons, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, especially more so under antioxidant deficiencies like E, C, B vitamins, etc. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2566803/ Furthermore, high-Ca precipitates were found in swollen isolated mitochondria Ca2+-overloaded in the presence of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) (Kristian et al. 2002), in swollen mitochondria of cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to toxic levels of NMDA (Pivovarova et al. 2004), and even in vivo in swollen, structurally damaged mitochondria of ischemic, Ca2+-overloaded neuronal cells (Solenski et al. 2002). I also want to add this quote, as it pertains to my previous statement of the possibility of dysregulated electrical harmonization being a cause for HPPD. "The main goal of electrical synapses is to synchronize electrical activity among populations of neurons." D. Purves; et al. (2008). Neuroscience, 4th ed. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Here too a study on goldfish that shows junction gap calcium precipitates in goldfish under long term induced stress. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11055-005-0046-9 So theoretically it could be possible that overexcitation of our neurons has cause over precipitation of calcium in the junctions, causing long term alterations in transmissions.

Maybe instead of the Amlodipine it was the vitamin D, omegas, and magnesium. Your symptoms sound a lot like the ones that I had.

I want to make a small edit to this: That it would still be wise to consume seeded or seedless grapes, either or is beneficial and needs to be added to treatment, grapes at least a handful once daily, or more if desired. As for the reason for this edit I wont elaborate, but its simple and safe enough that it needs no explanation. Grapes should not be omitted from treatment.

Yah, completely agree, and this is a good study to present. There are parameters involving over excitability in traumatic brain injuries, which is mainly what this study focuses on it seems. There are other parameters involved, as not all forms of epilepsy or tinnitus appear only from blunt trauma, etc, so the findings aren't exclusive to neuronal loss. Again I'm not entirely ruling out neuronal loss, and there definitely seems to be some kind of connection involved with hyperexcitability and neuronal loss, but we do have studies that show the chemicals that cause HPPD aren't exactly proven to be neurotoxic, which begins the question of whether or not thats the case. Those studies were only done in petri dishes(in vitro) and not in living organisms, so there could be other parameters involved. But we also have cases of extremely high doses not causing HPPD, which brings the idea of neuronal loss in to question, and also low dose/micro dose also causing the condition, which also brings in to question the theory of neuronal loss. Its still not ruled out, but there do appear to be other parameters involved. As for the study though there are instances of epilepsy manifesting itself not appropriated to any form of blunt trauma, so we do have to question what the cause there is. Clearly a very difficult condition to explain.