HPPD Wikipedia Page

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Has anyone seen the updated HPPD Wikipedia page? It has like new and updated info from the 2020s.

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

 

"HPPD has been introduced under the diagnosis of Post-hallucinogen Perception Disorder in 1987 within the DSM-III-R.[12] Subsequently, the DSM-IV-TR[13] recognized the syndrome as Hallucinogen-Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashbacks) (code 292.89) (15). The Neurosensory Research Foundation[14] was founded by HPPD sufferers to promote research and awareness around the condition. Subsequently, in 2021, the Perception Restoration Foundation[15] was launched to bolster efforts for research, awareness and harm reduction. In 2022, journalists at Psymposia and New York Magazine revealed that a participant in MAPS' landmark MDMA trials for PTSD developed post-psychedelic visual effects similar to HPPD.[16][time needed] Subclinical HPPD phenomena have occurred in other trial settings.[17]"

 

" A 2022 clinical review found no significant difference in the induction of subclinical visual phenomena between MDMA, LSD and psilocybin.[17] Curiously, lasting visual effects have also occurred as complications of benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.[30]"

 

"Treatment:

As of January 2022 there is no officially recognized cure or therapy for HPPD, but those affected with HPPD are heavily advised to discontinue all recreational drug use. Improving sleep quality, reducing anxiety, lowering screen use, improving diet quality and pursuing regular exercise are encouraged as general lifestyle changes. To decrease fixation and monitoring behaviors with visual symptoms, increased focus on external tasks may also be encouraged.[citation needed]

Antipsychotics such as aripiprazole or risperidone, intended to treat mental disorders like schizophrenia, should only be taken in careful consultation with a psychiatrist experienced in HPPD. The success rate of antipsychotics as a treatment method for HPPD is still debated. Two young men with HPPD and schizophrenia as a comorbidity experienced a remission of visual perceptual disturbance during a 6-month follow-up observation under treatment with risperidone.[42] There was a case study in 2013 where oral risperidone was also successful for treating HPPD.[43] In other cases risperidone has shown no effect on HPPD[42] or where it had a paradoxical effect and lead to permanent symptom exacerbation.[44]

Lamotrigine, an anticonvulsant, is the most popular medication for HPPD treatment. In the case of a 36-year-old man with HPPD for 18-years, the complex visual perception disorders largely resolved within 12 months after initiation of treatment with lamotrigine. In another case a 33-year-old woman developed HPPD after abusing LSD for a year long at the age of 18. She reported afterimages, perception of movement in her peripheral visual fields, blurring of small patterns, halo effects, and macro- and micropsia. Previous treatment with antidepressants and risperidone failed to ameliorate these symptoms. Upon commencing drug therapy with lamotrigine, these complex visual disturbances receded almost completely. There are also many anecdotal reports on lamotrigine alleviating some of the symptoms. Lamotrigine is considered a possible treatment option for HPPD. Lamotrigine is generally well tolerated with a relative lack of adverse effects.[45]
Clonidine, an antihypertensive, that a pilot study of eight patients suggested could help significantly alleviate "LSD-related flashbacks".[46]
In a case study of two subjects with synthetic cannabis-induced HPPD the symptoms significant improvement with clonazepam treatment.[47] In a 2003 study 16 people with LSD-induced HPPD reported a significant relief and the presence of only mild symptomatology during clonazepam administration. And as with lamotrigine, there are many anecdotal reports of clonazepam greatly decreasing symptoms at >1.5 mg doses[48]
Other medical drugs that people have reported some symptom reduction with are the anticonvulsants gabapentin, levetiracetam and valproic acid.
A 2022 case reported indicated promise for brain stimulation therapy for a longstanding HPPD patient.[49]

Outside of pharmacotherapy, recovery from HPPD as a clinical entity – that, is involving distress and impairment – can come about through psychological and social means. Case reports of psychotherapy for HPPD suggest that anxiety reduction, muscle relaxation, and re-framing one's visual phenomena through personal destigmatization and normalization may be helpful.[50][51][52][53] Some authors have suggested that HPPD be better designated as a particular somatic symptom disorder[5] rather than a disorder defined centrally by hallucinogen use. Cognitive behavioral therapy has shown promise for somatic symptom disorders,[54] as well as related distress from tinnitus. CBT has likewise shown promise for depersonalization-derealization disorder,[55] which occurs as a common comorbidity to HPPD and seems to share many of the same catastrophic thoughts.[56] The Perception Restoration Foundation hosts a Specialists Directory that lists professionals with prior experience or relevant expertise in helping those with HPPD.[57]"

"Prevalence:

In a 2010 optional online survey of psychedelic users seeking medical information, 60% reported recurring HPPD-like effects, though only 4.2% considered seeking treatment due to the severity. The authors concede occurrences are rare but suggest the survey supports a need for further research.[58] In a 2022 double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 142 subjects received LSD, psilocybin, or both, reported no cases of HPPD, and up to 9.2% of the subjects had flashbacks which were "transient, mostly experienced as benign and did not impair daily life".[17]"

 

"Society and culture:

In 1971, Shelagh McDonald vanished from the world of folk music after experiencing severe HPPD, losing contact with the entire industry until 2005.

In the second episode of the first season of the 2014 series True Detective ("Seeing Things"), primary character Rustin Cohle (Matthew McConaughey) is depicted as having symptoms similar to HPPD such as light tracers as a result of "neurological damage" from substance use.[59]

American journalist Andrew Callaghan, former host of the internet series All Gas No Brakes and current host of Channel 5, revealed during a 2021 interview with Vice News that he experiences the symptoms of HPPD as a result of psilocybin use at a young age. Describing his symptoms, he noted that he experiences persistent visual snow and palinopsia.[60]

American YouTuber and musician Matt Watson, known for cohosting the YouTube channel with over 1 million subscribers known as SuperMega, has revealed in a podcast interview with bbno$ that he acquired HPPD as a result of LSD use at the age of 22.[61] He stated that he experiences several persistent floaters in his vision, constant visual "static", and various other symptoms associated with HPPD.[citation needed]"