Wow. talk about brain trauma, most of this post is way over my head. The first step to a solution is to identify the problem. I think the problem is that we cant identify the problem. neurologically, we cant say that it's that portion of these neurons, or those neurons, Everything effects everything, it's part chemical, part physiological, and it really is neuro-soup (not that I dont totally appreciate the efforts here). 30 years of this and for me it still comes down to trial and error. Some things help, some dont, none seem to "cure". Thats not to say that we cant better identify and refine the proposed "trials", and I think thats what's happening here in this post. regardless, my newest proposed trial is to give the sinemet a whirl, if I can get dr. to prescribe it. Keep up the good work, and keeep the faith! ymmit